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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
ناتوانی تکاملی ذهنی
The DSM-5 has clustered these disorders in the same chapter because the neuro- developmental disorders "frequently co-occur; for example individuals with autism spectrum disorder will often have intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder), and many children with attention-deficit disorder (ADHD), also have a specific learning disorder" (APA, 2013, p. 31).
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)
The chapter begins with a look at how the concept of IDD has evolved over time and then shifts to current issues that are at the forefront.
The discussion will then focus on the criteria and defi- nitions for IDD as evident in three main defining bodies: the DSM-5, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) and education law (IDEA).
After a discussion of developmental and associated features, and prevalence rates, the focus will turn to etiology (the role of genetic and environmental factors) and different types of IDD that are associated with genetic and environmental origins.
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